Research units – Blood Cancer Research Group

Simicek Lab

The Simicek lab is applying state-of-the-art genomic, proteomic and cell-based methods to study fundamental molecular processes linked to immunoreceptors and surface proteins that represent important targets for modern immunotherapy. The team is also developing novel approaches to enhance the therapeutic potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells. Particular focus is put on the creation of new CARs, hybrid T-cell receptors, site-specific gene editing (knock-in/knock-out) in primary T-cells and pre-clinical vivo models. The ultimate goal is a fast transfer of the knowledge into the stage of clinical study in patients with haematological malignancies.

Team leader: Assoc. Prof. Michal Šimíček

Actual projects

TBD

Jelinek Lab

Under the expert guidance of Assoc. Prof. Jelinek, the laboratory is dedicated to advancing multiple myeloma research through a multifaceted approach. Specializing in the processing of patient tumor samples, the lab employs cutting-edge techniques like spectral flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing. Driven by a commitment to precision medicine, the team conducts rigorous bioinformatic and biostatistical analyses, unraveling the molecular complexities of multiple myeloma. What sets this lab apart is its seamless collaboration between clinical and research teams. By leveraging this close partnership, Jelinek’s lab not only pioneers discoveries of novel predictive and treatment targets but also accelerates the translation of these findings into tangible benefits for multiple myeloma patients.

Team leader: Assoc. Prof. Tomáš Jelínek, M.D., Ph.D.

Actual projects

Extramedullary multiple myeloma: molecular pathogenesis and novel therapeutical
Targets
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common blood cancer caused
by aberrant proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow. Despite great advances in treatment, the disease usually progresses and repeated relapses are common. Advanced phases of MM are in some cases accompanied by the development of extramedullary disease (EMD) with a very poor prognosis. At the EMD stage, tumor plasma cells become independent on the bone marrow microenvironment and infiltrate other tissues and organs with fatal consequences for the patient. Due to the lack of deeper knowledge of EMD biology, there are no predictive biomarkers and effective treatment strategies are currently not available. Therefore, the main goal of the proposed project is identification of genetic and molecular features associated with the emergence of EMD with a particular focus on novel druggable targets. To fulfil these aims we plan to collect the world´s largest longitudinal cohort of EMD patients and characterise the genomic and transcriptomic changes using the state-of-the-art techniques. Further, we plan to unveil the composition of the cellular microenvironment of extramedullary lesions by single-cell transcriptomics and spectral flow cytometry, particularly focusing on the status and availability of immune cells and application of modern immunotherapies. Our previous research identified CD38 and SREBF1 pathways as potentially crucial for acquisition of EMD phenotype. To expand and validate these findings we will investigate detailed molecular mechanisms of CD38 and SREBF1 pathways using sophisticated in vitro and in vivo approaches. Our project is original, highly innovative and of unmet need as the genetic and molecular characteristics of EMD remain enigmatic. The outcomes of the proposed project will significantly contribute to the understanding of the EMD pathogenesis and provide important basis for novel selective treatment strategies for this prognostically extremely unfavourable group of myeloma patients
Link: https://starfos.tacr.cz/projekty/NU23-03-00374

Saving Lives Through Cancer Early Detection and Prevention Research: Molecular, Genomic and Social Factors (SALVAGE)
Malignant tumors are the second most common cause of death in the Czech Republic and the EU, while half of these deaths can be avoided through prevention. The SALVAGE project deals with the main challenges in research in the field of primary, secondary and tertiary oncological prevention. Its implementation will contribute to the fulfillment of the main goals of the European Plan to Fight Cancer and the Concept of Health Research of the Czech Republic 2030. At the same time, it will bring results applicable in clinical practice, strengthen international cooperation and reduce the research deficit in this area.
LINK: https://www.osu.cz/20316/projekty-a-granty/?g=6577

Efficacy of anti-CD38/BCMA therapies in extramedullary multiple myeloma
Unprecedented efficacy especially of daratumumab was demonstrated in all stages of multiple myeloma, nevertheless there are almost no data available regarding its effectiveness in EMD. Our group revealed, for the first time, that daratumumab monotherapy yielded significantly shorter progression free survival in MM patients with EMD compared to those without EMD. This observation could be explained by significantly lower expression of CD38 antigen on plasma cells from EM tumor compared to the bone marrow plasma cells (Jelinek et al., EHA, 2020). On the other hand, subgroup analysis of Icaria trial focusing on activity of isatuximab plus pomalidomide and
dexamethasone revealed that addition of isatuximab to pomalidomide and dexamethasone significantly improved the outcomes of patients with soft tissue plasmocytoma compared to pomalidomide and dexamethasone alone (Beksac et al., ASH, 2020).
The overall objective of the project is to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of anti-CD38 therapies in EMD and comprehensively describe the constitution of EM tumor microenvironment.

Genomic analysis of residual clone in multiple myeloma: approach for targeted therapy
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia causing damage of multiple organs with fatal consequences for patients. Despite the success of modern therapies eliminating a vast bulk of the aberrant cells, surviving residual clones eventually lead to the relapse of the disease. Accumulation of genomic alterations during the stage of minimal residual disease (MRD) likely contributes to a selective grow advantage and survival under the drug pressure. Identification of specific mutations in MM patients with MRD can provide unique opportunities to target the residual plasma cell clones. We aim to identify mutations and deregulated gene expression in residual aberrant plasma cell population and to pinpoint molecular targets for precision medicine using the combination of whole genome, bulk RNA and single-cell RNA sequencing.

Chyra Lab

TBD

Team leader: Zuzana Chyra, Ph.D.

Actual projects

A comprehensive panel for genetic screening of monoclonal gammopathies
The project’s primary goal is to establish a complex methodology (genetic panel), enabling to obtain information about genetic changes in the DNA of aberrant cells, relevant to the prognosis and the treatment decision for patients with monoclonal gammopathies.
Objectives:
1) A generation of DNA library based on genomic regions, related to the disease progression or the interaction with drugs based on the literature,
2) laboratory validation of the screening panel on test samples and patient’s samples and comparison with the results obtained by routinely used methods,
3) creation of a standard operating procedure providing guidelines for processing of patient’s biological material, screening of diagnostically relevant DNA regions, and guidance on complex bioinformatic data analysis.